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Branch Collar - Trunk
tissue that forms around the base of a branch between the main stem and
the branch or a branch and a lateral. As a branch decreases in
vigor or begins to die, the collar usually becomes more pronounced and
more completely encircles the branch.
Competing Leaders -
Most of the time this refers to the main central stem of the plant.
Often two branches compete for the position of main leader. You
should prune off the branch that is weaker, the one with the weaker
crotch angle, and reduce to the one leader. This is true of the
scaffold branches. These should be evaluated during dormancy and
removed in February.
Damaged Branches -
Branches that have been hit by mowers or other devices and have wounds
should be removed. Branches that are cracked, broken, or have a
major structural problem are classified as damaged. These branches
can be removed at any time of the year. If you notice it in the
summer, it is recommended to remove the branch in the summer.
Inward Growing Branches -
Twigs and branches growing inward compete for light and reduce air
flow. These are often rapidly growing branches and use large
amounts of resources from the tree. These should be evaluated
during dormancy and removed in February.
Poor
Crotch Angles - A good crotch angle is between 60 and 75 degrees.
Narrow crotch angles (shaped like a "V") are weak and should be removed.
If this is an old tree, removing all narrow crotch angles is not
recommended. Narrow crotch angles are removed during their younger
years. The remaining wider angles develop a strong branching system. Evaluate these crotch
angles during dormancy.
Rubbing and Crossing
Branches - Branches cross as they develop and begin to rub.
This rubbing causes abrasions and is a good location for insects and
disease to harbor. Remove the branch that is weaker and has been
damaged the most. This can be done during the growing season as
well as during dormancy.
Scaffold Branches -
A large limb that is or will be part of the permanent branch
structure of a tree.
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